Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMGEMB7)

Drug Name
Hydrocortisone
Synonyms
Acticort; Alacort; Algicirtis; Alphaderm; Amberin; Anflam; Anucort; Aquacort; Cetacort; Chronocort; Cleiton; Cobadex; Colocort; Corhydron; Cortanal; Cortef; Cortenema; Cortesal; Corticreme; Cortifair; Cortifan; Cortiment; Cortisol; Cortisolonum; Cortisporin; Cortispray; Cortolotion; Cortonema; Cortoxide; Cortril; Cremesone; Cutisol; Delacort; Dermacort; Dermaspray; Dermil; Dermocortal; Dermolate; Dihydrocostisone; Dioderm; Drotic; DuoCort; Efcorbin; Efcortelan; Efcortelin; Eldecort; Eldercort; Epicort; Epicortisol; Evacort; Ficortril; Fiocortril; Flexicort; Genacort; Glycort; Hidalone; Hycort; Hycortol; Hycortole; Hydracort; Hydrasson; Hydrocortal; Hydrocorticosterone; Hydrocortisyl; Hydrocortone; Hydroskin; Hydroxycortisone; Hytisone; Hytone; Idrocortisone; Kyypakkaus; Lactisona; Lubricort; Maintasone; Medicort; Meusicort; Mildison; Milliderm; Nutracort; Optef; Otocort; Penecort; Permicort; Prepcort; Proctocort; Protocort; Rectoid; Sanatison; Schericur; Sigmacort; Signef; Stiefcorcil; Synacort; Tarcortin; Texacort; Timocort; Traumaide; Uniderm; Vytone; Zenoxone; ACETASOL HC; Aeroseb HC; AnusolHC; Aquanil HC; Barseb HC; CaldeCORT Spray; Clear aid; Component of Lubricort; Component of Otalgine; Cortisol alcohol; Cortisporin Otico; Ef corlin; Epiderm H; Esiderm H; Foille Insetti; HYDROCORTISONE AND ACETIC ACID; HYDROCORTISONE IN ABSORBASE; Heb Cort; Hydrocortisone alcohol; Hydrocortisone base; Hydrocortisone free alcohol; Hydrocortisone solution; Hytone lotion; Idrocortisone [DCIT]; Komed HC; Lacticare HC; Nogenic HC; ORLEX HC; Pediotic Suspension; Polcort H; Preparation H Hydrocortisone Cream; Prevex HC; Proctozone HC; Remederm HC; Scalpicin Capilar; Scheroson F; Systral Hydrocort; Transderma H; VoSol HC; H 4001; Texacort lotion 25; [3H]cortisol; ACETIC ACID W/ HYDROCORTISONE; Acticort (TN); Aeroseb-HC; Ala-Cort; Ala-Scalp; Anti-inflammatory hormone; Anucort-HC; Anusol HC (TN); Balneol-hc; Basan-Corti; Beta-hc; COR-OTICIN; Colocort (TN); Cort-Dome; Cortef (TN); Cortisol, Hydrocortisone; Cremicort-H; Cyclodextrin-encapsulated hydrocortisone; Derm-Aid; Dome-cort; Domolene-HC; Genacort (lotion); Gyno-Cortisone; H-Cort; HC #1; HC #4; HC (HYDROCORTISONE); Heb-Cort; Hi-cor; Hidro-Colisona; Hidrocortisona [INN-Spanish]; Hydro-Adreson; Hydro-Colisona; Hydro-RX; Hydrocortisone-Water Soluble; Hydrocortisonum [INN-Latin]; Hytone (TN); Incortin-H; Incortin-hydrogen; Kendall's compound F; Lacticare-HC; Neo-Cortef; Neosporin-H Ear; Nystaform-HC; Otosone-F; Rectasol-HC; Reichstein's substance M; Scalp-Cort; Stie-cort; Component of Neo-Cort-Dome; Hydrocortisone [INN:BAN:JAN]; Hydrocortisone (JP15/USP/INN); 11-beta-Hydrocortisone; 11-beta-Hydroxycortisone; 11beta,17,21-Trihydroxyprogesterone; 11beta-Hydrocortisone; 11beta-Hydroxycortisone; 17-Hydroxycorticosterone; 17alpha-Hydroxycorticosterone
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Inflammation 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [1], [2]
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 5A71.01 Phase 2 [3]
Therapeutic Class
Antiinflammatory Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 362.5
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 1.6
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 5
ADMET Property
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [4]
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 5.7 mL/min/kg [5]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 1.6 hours [5]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 353.8111 micromolar/kg/day [6]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.2% [5]
Vd
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.38 L/kg [5]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.42 mg/mL [4]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C21H30O5
IUPAC Name
(8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Canonical SMILES
C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@@]4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C21H30O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1
InChIKey
JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
5754
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:17650
CAS Number
50-23-7
DrugBank ID
DB00741
TTD ID
D0KR5B
VARIDT ID
DR00230
INTEDE ID
DR0819
ACDINA ID
D00314

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) TTYRL6O GCR_HUMAN Modulator [7]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [8]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7) DERD86B CP3A7_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) DEPE0RD C11B1_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) DE6TYUK C11B2_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Inflammation
ICD Disease Classification 1A00-CA43.1
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTP P-GP 7.23E-01 -8.20E-02 -3.22E-01
Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) DME CYP11B1 8.42E-01 2.46E-02 1.12E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DME CYP3A5 5.82E-01 -6.00E-02 -2.69E-01
Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) DME CYP11B2 1.01E-01 1.27E-01 7.57E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DME CYP3A4 9.85E-01 2.24E-02 7.33E-02
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Hydrocortisone
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Choline salicylate DM8P137 Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Choline salicylate. Postoperative inflammation [1A00-CA43] [51]
Bromfenac DMKB79O Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Bromfenac. Postoperative inflammation [1A00-CA43] [52]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Hydrocortisone (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Sodium bicarbonate DMMU6BJ Minor Decreased absorption of Hydrocortisone due to altered gastric pH caused by Sodium bicarbonate. Acidosis [5C73] [53]
Arn-509 DMT81LZ Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Arn-509 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [54]
Dronedarone DMA8FS5 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Dronedarone. Angina pectoris [BA40] [55]
Methylphenobarbital DMDSWAG Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Methylphenobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Anxiety disorder [6B00-6B0Z] [56]
Posaconazole DMUL5EW Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Posaconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Aspergillosis [1F20] [57]
Levalbuterol DM5YBO1 Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Levalbuterol. Asthma [CA23] [58]
Terbutaline DMD4381 Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Terbutaline. Asthma [CA23] [57]
Pirbuterol DMI5678 Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Pirbuterol. Asthma [CA23] [57]
Salbutamol DMN9CWF Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Salbutamol. Asthma [CA23] [58]
Roflumilast DMPGHY8 Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Roflumilast. Asthma [CA23] [54]
Formoterol DMSOURV Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Formoterol. Asthma [CA23] [57]
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Ofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [59]
Dalfopristin DM4LTKV Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Dalfopristin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [60]
Clarithromycin DM4M1SG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Clarithromycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [57]
Sparfloxacin DMB4HCT Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Sparfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [59]
Gemifloxacin DMHT34O Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Gemifloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [59]
Norfloxacin DMIZ6W2 Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Norfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [59]
ABT-492 DMJFD2I Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and ABT-492. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [59]
Levofloxacin DMS60RB Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Levofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [59]
Troleandomycin DMUZNIG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Troleandomycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [57]
Lomefloxacin DMVRH9C Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Lomefloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [59]
Telithromycin DMZ4P3A Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Telithromycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [57]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Lapatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [61]
Tucatinib DMBESUA Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Tucatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [57]
Vilanterol DMF5EK1 Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Vilanterol. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [58]
Salmeterol DMIEU69 Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Salmeterol. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [57]
Indacaterol DMQJHR7 Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Indacaterol. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [57]
Arformoterol DMYM974 Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Arformoterol. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [57]
Isoproterenol DMK7MEY Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Isoproterenol. Conduction disorder [BC63] [58]
Mivacurium DM473VD Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Mivacurium. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [57]
Pancuronium DMB0VY8 Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Pancuronium. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [57]
Tubocurarine DMBZIVP Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Tubocurarine. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [57]
Mifepristone DMGZQEF Major Antagonize the effect of Hydrocortisone when combined with Mifepristone. Cushing syndrome [5A70] [62]
Ivacaftor DMZC1HS Moderate Decreased clearance of Hydrocortisone due to the transporter inhibition by Ivacaftor. Cystic fibrosis [CA25] [63]
MK-8228 DMOB58Q Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by MK-8228 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cytomegaloviral disease [1D82] [64]
Nefazodone DM4ZS8M Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Nefazodone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [57]
Primidone DM0WX6I Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Primidone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [65]
Oxcarbazepine DM5PU6O Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Oxcarbazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [66]
Cenobamate DMGOVHA Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Cenobamate mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [67]
Stiripentol DMMSDOY Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Stiripentol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [68]
Fosphenytoin DMOX3LB Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Fosphenytoin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [69]
Rufinamide DMWE60C Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Rufinamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [54]
Ethotoin DMXWOCP Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Ethotoin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [69]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Phenobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [65]
Mefenamic acid DMK7HFI Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Mefenamic acid. Female pelvic pain [GA34] [52]
Tazemetostat DMWP1BH Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Tazemetostat mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Follicular lymphoma [2A80] [70]
Itraconazole DMCR1MV Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Itraconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [57]
Miconazole DMPMYE8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Miconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [71]
Ketoconazole DMPZI3Q Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Ketoconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [57]
Boceprevir DMBSHMF Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Boceprevir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51] [57]
Telaprevir DMMRV29 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Telaprevir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51] [72]
Rifampin DMA8J1G Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Rifampin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [73]
Rifapentine DMCHV4I Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Rifapentine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [74]
Fosamprenavir DM4W9B3 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Fosamprenavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [71]
Cobicistat DM6L4H2 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Cobicistat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [57]
Saquinavir DMG814N Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Saquinavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [57]
Etravirine DMGV8QU Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Etravirine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [75]
Darunavir DMN3GCH Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Darunavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [57]
Atazanavir DMSYRBX Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Atazanavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [57]
Bempedoic acid DM1CI9R Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Bempedoic acid. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [76]
Teriflunomide DMQ2FKJ Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Teriflunomide. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [77]
Conivaptan DM1V329 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Conivaptan mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypo-osmolality/hyponatraemia [5C72] [57]
Meclofenamic acid DM05FXR Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Meclofenamic acid. Inflammatory spondyloarthritis [FA92] [78]
Amobarbital DM0GQ8N Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Amobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [65]
Denosumab DMNI0KO Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Denosumab. Low bone mass disorder [FB83] [79]
Ceritinib DMB920Z Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Ceritinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [57]
Selpercatinib DMZR15V Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Selpercatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [54]
Idelalisib DM602WT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Idelalisib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [57]
IPI-145 DMWA24P Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by IPI-145 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [80]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Arsenic trioxide. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [81]
Nivolumab DMAB9QE Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Nivolumab. Melanoma [2C30] [57]
Pembrolizumab DMFQEA6 Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Pembrolizumab. Melanoma [2C30] [57]
Ipilimumab DMJTIYK Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Ipilimumab. Melanoma [2C30] [57]
Cemiplimab DMKMJHE Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Cemiplimab. Melanoma [2C30] [57]
Dabrafenib DMX6OE3 Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Dabrafenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Melanoma [2C30] [54]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Major Additive thrombogenic effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Thalidomide. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [82]
Tecfidera DM2OVDT Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Tecfidera. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [83]
Siponimod DM2R86O Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Siponimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [58]
Fingolimod DM5JVAN Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Fingolimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [84]
Ocrelizumab DMEZ2KH Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Ocrelizumab. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [85]
Ozanimod DMT6AM2 Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Ozanimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [54]
Fedratinib DM4ZBK6 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Fedratinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [57]
Nilotinib DM7HXWT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Nilotinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [86]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Dasatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [87]
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate DMPU2WX Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Omacetaxine mepesuccinate. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [88]
Modafinil DMYILBE Minor Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Modafinil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Narcolepsy [7A20] [89]
Bupropion DM5PCS7 Major Increased risk of lowers seizure threshold by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Bupropion. Nicotine use disorder [6C4A] [90]
Atezolizumab DMMF8U0 Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Atezolizumab. Non-small cell lung cancer [2C25] [57]
Naproxen DMZ5RGV Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Naproxen. Osteoarthritis [FA00-FA05] [52]
Rucaparib DM9PVX8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Rucaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [91]
Aspirin DM672AH Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Aspirin. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [92]
Etodolac DM6WJO9 Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Etodolac. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [52]
Diflunisal DM7EN8I Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Diflunisal. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [52]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Ibuprofen. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [52]
Abametapir DM2RX0I Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pediculosis [1G00] [93]
Lefamulin DME6G97 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Lefamulin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pneumonia [CA40] [94]
Lonafarnib DMGM2Z6 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Lonafarnib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Premature ageing appearance [LD2B] [57]
Ritodrine DM4V6RL Minor Increased risk of hypokalemia by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Ritodrine. Preterm labour/delivery [JB00] [57]
Enzalutamide DMGL19D Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Enzalutamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Prostate cancer [2C82] [95]
Temsirolimus DMS104F Moderate Increased plasma concentrations of Hydrocortisone and Temsirolimus due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway. Renal cell carcinoma [2C90] [96]
Gatifloxacin DMSL679 Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Gatifloxacin. Respiratory infection [CA07-CA4Z] [59]
Salsalate DM13P4C Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Salsalate. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [51]
Meloxicam DM2AR7L Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Meloxicam. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [52]
Canakinumab DM8HLO5 Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Canakinumab. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [97]
Oxaprozin DM9UB0P Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Oxaprozin. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [52]
Rilonacept DMGLUQS Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Rilonacept. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [97]
Golimumab DMHZV7X Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Golimumab. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [98]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Major Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Leflunomide. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [77]
Paliperidone DM7NPJS Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Paliperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [58]
Trifluoperazine DMKBYWI Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Trifluoperazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [58]
Amisulpride DMSJVAM Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Amisulpride. Schizophrenia [6A20] [58]
Pimozide DMW83TP Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Pimozide. Schizophrenia [6A20] [99]
Salicyclic acid DM2F8XZ Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Salicyclic acid. Seborrhoeic dermatitis [EA81] [92]
Anthrax vaccine DM9GSWY Moderate Antagonize the effect of Hydrocortisone when combined with Anthrax vaccine. Sepsis [1G40-1G41] [100]
Voxelotor DMCS6M5 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Voxelotor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Sickle-cell disorder [3A51] [57]
Telotristat ethyl DMDIYFZ Moderate Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Telotristat ethyl mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Small intestine developmental anomaly [DA90] [54]
Larotrectinib DM26CQR Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Larotrectinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [58]
Armodafinil DMGB035 Minor Increased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by Armodafinil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [89]
LEE011 DMMX75K Moderate Decreased metabolism of Hydrocortisone caused by LEE011 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [101]
Pitolisant DM8RFNJ Moderate Increased risk of GI mucosal injury/bleeding risk by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Pitolisant. Somnolence [MG42] [54]
Fostamatinib DM6AUHV Moderate Decreased clearance of Hydrocortisone due to the transporter inhibition by Fostamatinib. Thrombocytopenia [3B64] [102]
Lusutrombopag DMH6IKO Moderate Decreased clearance of Hydrocortisone due to the transporter inhibition by Lusutrombopag. Thrombocytopenia [3B64] [91]
Pipecuronium DM5F84A Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Pipecuronium. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [57]
Doxacurium DMKE7L9 Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Doxacurium. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [57]
Vecuronium DMP0UK2 Moderate Additive neuromuscular blocking effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Vecuronium. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [57]
Sirolimus DMGW1ID Moderate Increased plasma concentrations of Hydrocortisone and Sirolimus due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway. Transplant rejection [NE84] [96]
Tacrolimus DMZ7XNQ Moderate Increased plasma concentrations of Hydrocortisone and Tacrolimus due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway. Transplant rejection [NE84] [96]
Durvalumab DM4PVDY Moderate Additive immunosuppressive effects by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Durvalumab. Ureteral cancer [2C92] [57]
Cinoxacin DM4EWNS Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Cinoxacin. Urinary tract infection [GC08] [59]
Nalidixic acid DMRM0JV Major Increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Nalidixic acid. Urinary tract infection [GC08] [59]
Amiodarone DMUTEX3 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Hydrocortisone and Amiodarone. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [103]
⏷ Show the Full List of 131 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Sodium lauryl sulfate E00464 3423265 Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Beta-D-lactose E00099 6134 Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Calcium stearate E00244 15324 lubricant
Carmellose sodium E00625 Not Available Disintegrant
Lactose monohydrate E00393 104938 Binding agent; Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Magnesium stearate E00208 11177 lubricant
Saccharose E00091 5988 Binding agent; Coating agent; Cryoprotectant; Diluent; Flavoring agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sorbic acid E00441 643460 Antimicrobial preservative
⏷ Show the Full List of 9 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Hydrocortisone 10 mg tablet 10 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Hydrocortisone 20 mg tablet 20 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Hydrocortisone 5 mg tablet 5 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2868).
2 Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77.
3 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
4 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
5 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
6 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
7 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
8 Oral and inhaled corticosteroids: differences in P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) mediated efflux. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 May 1;260(3):294-302.
9 Regulation of the CYP3A4 gene by hydrocortisone and xenobiotics: role of the glucocorticoid and pregnane X receptors. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 May;28(5):493-6.
10 CYP3A5 genotype is associated with elevated blood pressure. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2005 Oct;15(10):737-41.
11 Steroid hydroxylation by human fetal CYP3A7 and human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase coexpressed in insect cells using baculovirus. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1998 Apr;100(1):15-28.
12 Studies on the origin of circulating 18-hydroxycortisol and 18-oxocortisol in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Sep;89(9):4628-33.
13 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
14 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
15 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
16 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
17 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
18 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
19 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
20 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
21 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
22 Drug related genetic polymorphisms affecting adverse reactions to methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin in patients with urothelial cancer. J Urol. 2008 Dec;180(6):2389-95.
23 Human prostate CYP3A5: identification of a unique 5'-untranslated sequence and characterization of purified recombinant protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Jul 14;260(3):676-81.
24 Polymorphisms in cytochrome P4503A5 (CYP3A5) may be associated with race and tumor characteristics, but not metabolism and side effects of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients. Cancer Lett. 2005 Jan 10;217(1):61-72.
25 Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
26 Induction of hepatic CYP2E1 by a subtoxic dose of acetaminophen in rats: increase in dichloromethane metabolism and carboxyhemoglobin elevation. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1754-8.
27 Urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1997 Jan;36(1):54-8.
28 Clinical pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(9):879-94.
29 Kinetics and regulation of cytochrome P450-mediated etoposide metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Sep;32(9):993-1000.
30 Differential mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 by verapamil. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 May;33(5):664-71.
31 The role of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoform(s) in oxidative metabolism of testosterone and benzphetamine in human adult and fetal liver. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1993 Jan;44(1):61-7.
32 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
33 Prediction of cytochrome P450 3A inhibition by verapamil enantiomers and their metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Feb;32(2):259-66.
34 The role of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the formation of 2-hydroxymetronidazole: CYP2A6 is the high affinity (low Km) catalyst. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Sep;41(9):1686-94.
35 Quantitative assessment of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 expression in aldosterone-producing adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002 Dec;147(6):795-802.
36 Heteroaryl-substituted naphthalenes and structurally modified derivatives: selective inhibitors of CYP11B2 for the treatment of congestive heart failure and myocardial fibrosis. J Med Chem. 2005 Oct 20;48(21):6632-42.
37 Functional expression of human mitochondrial CYP11B2 in fission yeast and identification of a new internal electron transfer protein, etp1. Biochemistry. 2002 Feb 19;41(7):2311-21.
38 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
39 MDR1 (ABCB1) G1199A (Ser400Asn) polymorphism alters transepithelial permeability and sensitivity to anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Jun;64(1):183-8.
40 Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
41 Folate transporter expression decreases in the human placenta throughout pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2012 Apr;2(2):123-31.
42 Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1660-8.
43 Antiestrogens and steroid hormones: substrates of the human P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):287-92.
44 Association of genetic polymorphisms in the influx transporter SLCO1B3 and the efflux transporter ABCB1 with imatinib pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Ther Drug Monit. 2011 Apr;33(2):244-50.
45 Interaction between the glucocorticoid and erythropoietin receptors in human erythroid cells. Exp Hematol. 2009 May;37(5):559-72.
46 Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) equivalent to prednisolone (glucocorticoid) in reversing hearing loss in MRL/MpJ-Fas1pr autoimmune mice. Laryngoscope. 2000 Nov;110(11):1902-6.
47 Fluticasone furoate nasal spray in allergic rhinitis. Drugs Today (Barc). 2008 Apr;44(4):251-60.
48 Cytochromes P450 (CYP) in the Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLHC-1): dose- and time-dependent glucocorticoid potentiation of CYP1A induction without induction of CYP3A. ArchBiochem Biophys. 1996 May 1;329(1):113-22.
49 PXR-mediated induction of human CYP3A4 and mouse Cyp3a11 by the glucocorticoid budesonide. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2009 Mar 2;36(4-5):565-71.
50 The glucocorticoid agonist activities of mifepristone (RU486) and progesterone are dependent on glucocorticoid receptor levels but not on EC50 values. Steroids. 2007 Jun;72(6-7):600-8.
51 Baer PA, Shore A, Ikeman RL "Transient fall in serum salicylate levels following intraarticular injection of steroid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Arthritis Rheum 30 (1987): 345-7. [PMID: 3566826]
52 Buchman AL, Schwartz MR "Colonic ulceration associated with the systemic use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication." J Clin Gastroenterol 22 (1996): 224-6. [PMID: 8724264]
53 Albin H, Vincon G, Demotes-Mainard F, et al "Effect of aluminium phosphate on the bioavailability of cimetidine and prednisolone." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 26 (1984): 271-3. [PMID: 6723769]
54 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
55 Product Information. Multaq (dronedarone). sanofi-aventis , Bridgewater, NJ.
56 Brooks SM, Werk EE, Ackerman SJ, Sullivan I, Thrasher K "Adverse effects of phenobarbital on corticosteroid metabolism in patients with bronchial asthma." N Engl J Med 286 (1972): 1125-8. [PMID: 4553339]
57 Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".
58 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
59 FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration "Information for Healthcare Professionals. Fluoroquinolone Antimicrobial Drugs. FDA Alert [7/8/2008].".
60 Product Information. Synercid (dalfopristin-quinupristin) Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
61 Product Information. Tykerb (lapatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
62 Product Information. Korlym (mifepristone). Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated, Menlo Park, CA.
63 Product Information. Kalydeco (ivacaftor). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
64 Product Information. Prevymis (letermovir). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
65 Bartoszek M, Brenner AM, Szefler SJ "Prednisolone and methylprednisolone kinetics in children receiving anticonvulsant therapy." Clin Pharmacol Ther 42 (1987): 424-32. [PMID: 3665340]
66 Product Information. Trileptal (oxcarbazepine) Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
67 Product Information. Xcopri (cenobamate). SK Life Science, Inc., Paramus, NJ.
68 EMEA. European Medicines Agency "EPARs. European Union Public Assessment Reports.".
69 Frey BM, Frey FJ "Phenytoin modulates the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and the pharmacodynamics of prednisolone as assessed by the inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction in humans." Eur J Clin Invest 14 (1984): 1-6. [PMID: 6230241]
70 Product Information. Tazverik (tazemetostat). Epizyme, Inc, Cambridge, MA.
71 Edsbacker S, Andersson T "Pharmacokinetics of budesonide (Entocort EC) capsules for Crohn's disease." Clin Pharmacokinet 43 (2004): 803-21. [PMID: 15355126]
72 Product Information. Incivek (telaprevir). Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
73 Kyriazopoulou V, Parparousi O, Vagenakis AG "Rifampicin-induced adrenal crisis in Addisonian patients receiving corticosteroid replacement therapy." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 59 (1984): 1204-6. [PMID: 6490796]
74 Product Information. Priftin (rifapentine). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
75 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
76 Product Information. Nexletol (bempedoic acid). Esperion Therapeutics, Ann Arbor, MI.
77 Product Information. Arava (leflunomide). Hoechst Marion-Roussel Inc, Kansas City, MO.
78 Messer J, Reitman D, Sacks HS, et al "Association of adrenocorticosteroid therapy and peptic-ulcer disease." N Engl J Med 309 (1983): 21-4. [PMID: 6343871]
79 Product Information. Prolia (denosumab). Amgen USA, Thousand Oaks, CA.
80 Product Information. Copiktra (duvelisib). Verastem, Inc., Needham, MA.
81 Ohnishi K, Yoshida H, Shigeno K, et al. "Prolongation of the QT interval and ventricular tachycardia in patients treated with arsenic trioxide for acute promyelocytic leukemia." Ann Intern Med 133 (2000): 881-5. [PMID: 11103058]
82 Bennett CL, Nebeker JR, Samore MH, et al "The Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) project." JAMA 293 (2005): 2131-40. [PMID: 15870417]
83 Product Information. Vumerity (diroximel fumarate). Alkermes, Inc, Cambridge, MA.
84 Product Information. Gilenya (fingolimod). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
85 Product Information. Ocrevus (ocrelizumab). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
86 Product Information. Tasigna (nilotinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
87 Product Information. Sprycel (dasatinib). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
88 Product Information. Synribo (omacetaxine). Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, North Wales, PA.
89 Doherty MM, Charman WN "The mucosa of the small intestine: how clinically relevant as an organ of drug metabolism?" Clin Pharmacokinet 41 (2002): 235-53. [PMID: 11978143]
90 Product Information. Wellbutrin XL (buPROPion). GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA.
91 EMA. European Medicines Agency. European Union "EMA - List of medicines under additional monitoring.".
92 Hansen RA, Tu W, Wang J, Ambuehl R, McDonald CJ, Murray MD "Risk of adverse gastrointestinal events from inhaled corticosteroids." Pharmacotherapy 28 (2008): 1325-34. [PMID: 18956992]
93 Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
94 Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
95 Benoist G, van Oort I, et al "Drug-drug interaction potential in men treated with enzalutamide: Mind the gap." Br J Clin Pharmacol 0 (2017): epub. [PMID: 28881501]
96 Product Information. Prograf (tacrolimus). Fujisawa, Deerfield, IL.
97 Product Information. Arcalyst (rilonacept). Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY.
98 Product Information. Cimzia (certolizumab). UCB Pharma Inc, Smyrna, GA.
99 Product Information. Orap Tablets (pimozide). Gate Pharmaceuticals, Sellersville, PA.
100 CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ "Recommendations of the advisory committtee on immunization practices (ACIP): use of vaccines and immune globulins in persons with altered immunocompetence." MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42(RR-04) (1993): 1-18. [PMID: 20300058]
101 DSouza DL, Levasseur LM, Nezamis J, Robbins DK, Simms L, Koch KM "Effect of alosetron on the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam." J Clin Pharmacol 41 (2001): 452-4. [PMID: 11304902]
102 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
103 Antonelli D, Atar S, Freedberg NA, Rosenfeld T "Torsade de pointes in patients on chronic amiodarone treatment: contributing factors and drug interactions." Isr Med Assoc J 7 (2005): 163-5. [PMID: 15792261]